This South Indian State Is Facing The Same Low Birth Rate Crisis As South Korea, Japan
According to a report, the state's fertility rate, 2.1% in 1987-88, steadily declined to 1.5% by 2020, reaching 1.46% in 2021
The rapidly declining populations of South Korea, Japan, and numerous European countries have emerged as significant societal challenges. Should these trends persist, these nations face the risk of severe population shortages in the future. Concerningly, similar patterns are now becoming apparent in India.
The situation in some developed states of India has become increasingly concerning. For instance, in Kerala, the state often referred to as ‘India’s Europe’, boasts the country’s best health and education systems, alongside higher employment rates and per capita income. By almost every metric, it meets the criteria of a developed state.
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The estimated population of this state in 2024 was 3.6 crores. In 1991, the population was 2.90 crores. In the last 35 years, the population of this state has increased by only 70 lakhs. According to the 2011 census, the population of this state at that time was 3.34 crores. This state has almost achieved the target of a stable population.
Situation is worrying
According to a recent report by ‘The Hindu’, Kerala’s post-pandemic population trends are causing concern. While the state previously recorded 500,000 to 550,000 births annually, this figure plummeted to 393,231 in 2023, marking the first time annual births have fallen below 400,000. This decline represents a rapid deterioration since 2018. Official data released in 2021 already indicated a decrease, with 419,767 births recorded. The 2023 figures, which are due to be published shortly, present a further cause for concern.
Fertility rate of 2.1 is necessary
According to population scientists, a fertility rate of 2.1 is required to maintain the current population level. This means every woman should give birth to at least 2.1 children. Kerala achieved this target in 1987–88.
In Kerala almost 100 per cent of births take place in hospitals. The state boasts a well-regarded healthcare system, with an infant mortality rate comparable to those of European nations. Kerala’s infant mortality rate stands at a mere six per thousand births, significantly lower than the national average of 30. According to several experts and doctors, Kerala’s population has been stable for the last three decades. However, the significant decrease in the number of children born is a matter of concern.
According to a report, the fertility rate in Kerala was 2.1 per cent in 1987-88. Subsequently, it decreased continuously, remaining between 1.8 and 1.7 per cent after 1991. By 2020, it had fallen to 1.5 per cent, declining further to 1.46 per cent in 2021.
Data from 2023 indicates a further reduction to 1.35 per cent. This suggests that most couples in Kerala have only one child, with a significant number remaining childless. If this trend persists, Kerala’s population will likely begin to decrease in the coming years.
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